Symphony Atlas

Glossary

How fast is Allegro, really?

The tempo markings in 317 movements of the recordings here, measured beat by beat against their scores. On each work’s page the tempo follows the recording: now, or over the whole movement.

Measured, beside the metronome chart

Metronome chart Middle half Median Slowest to fastest · quarter-note beats a minute

What the recordings show

The chart gives Allegro 120 to 168 beats a minute. In 147 movements marked Allegro here, the median is 132, and the middle half runs from 115 to 147. 56 of them (38%) fall outside the chart’s range.

Across the 7 markings the chart names, 151 of 259 movements (58%) are played outside its range. Played slower than the chart, by the median: Larghetto (55; chart 60–66), Adagio (50; chart 66–76), Andante (54; chart 76–108), Moderato (86; chart 108–120) and Presto (159; chart 168–200).

The slow markings do not keep their order: Larghetto (55) is played slower than Lento (58) and Adagio (50) is played slower than Larghetto (55). By the median, the slowest of all is Adagio, at 50.

Every marking

MarkingChartMedianMiddle halfMovements
Largo40–605146–718
Lento–5854–789
Larghetto60–665547–656
Adagio66–765046–5529
Andante76–1085448–6355
Andantino–7057–886
Moderato108–1208674–1057
Allegretto–10784–13330
Allegro120–168132115–147147
Vivace–147129–15913
Presto168–200159156–1747

Slowest and fastest

  1. LargoSlowest: Dvořák, Symphony No. 9 in E minor, Op. 95 (41) · Fastest: Strauss, Tod und Verklärung (Death and Transfiguration), Op. 24 (123)
  2. LentoSlowest: Chopin, Etude in E major, Op. 10 No. 3 (47) · Fastest: Chopin, Mazurka in A minor, Op. 68 No. 2 (95)
  3. LarghettoSlowest: Beethoven, Violin Concerto in D major, Op. 61 (42) · Fastest: Mozart, Piano Concerto No. 26 in D major, K. 537 (76)
  4. AdagioSlowest: Beethoven, Piano Concerto No. 5 in E♭ major, Op. 73 (38) · Fastest: Beethoven, String Quartet No. 2 in G major, Op. 18 No. 2 (125)
  5. AndanteSlowest: Mozart, Symphony No. 39 in E-flat major, K. 543 (41) · Fastest: Handel, Zadok the Priest, HWV 258 (102)
  6. AndantinoSlowest: Tchaikovsky, Symphony No. 4 in F minor, Op. 36 (55) · Fastest: Brahms, Clarinet Quintet in B minor, Op. 115 (113)
  7. ModeratoSlowest: Beethoven, Piano Sonata No. 31 in A-flat major, Op. 110 (50) · Fastest: Chopin, Waltz in B minor, Op. 69 No. 2 (148)
  8. AllegrettoSlowest: Beethoven, Symphony No. 8 in F major, Op. 93 (41) · Fastest: Beethoven, Piano Sonata No. 14 in C-sharp minor, Op. 27 No. 2 (183)
  9. AllegroSlowest: Mahler, Symphony No. 2 in C minor (69) · Fastest: Wagner, Der fliegende Holländer Overture (278)
  10. VivaceSlowest: Chopin, Etude in G-flat major, Op. 10 No. 5 (114) · Fastest: Prokofiev, Piano Sonata No. 8 in B-flat major, Op. 84 (192)
  11. PrestoSlowest: Beethoven, Piano Sonata No. 14 in C-sharp minor, Op. 27 No. 2 (152) · Fastest: Mozart, Piano Sonata No. 8 in A minor, K. 310 (187)

How it was measured

Each movement’s tempo is the median of its beats a minute across the recording, from the moments its bars begin. A movement counts for a marking when its title starts with it and names no other tempo: “Allegro con brio” counts for Allegro, “Adagio – Allegro” for neither. Only movements counted in quarter notes are drawn here; those in half notes, eighth notes or dotted beats are on each marking’s page. Metronome charts disagree with one another; the ranges here are a common one.

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