Form
Theme and variations
A theme is stated plainly, then repeated several times with something changed each time. What stays fixed is usually the length of the theme and the sequence of its harmonies. What changes is everything else: the melody is decorated, the rhythm is doubled or tripled in speed, the tune moves to the left hand or the bass, the mode flips from major to minor, the texture becomes a march or a fugue.
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HaydnPiano Sonata in C major, Hob. XVI:48HaydnPiano Sonata in E-flat major, Hob. XVI:49HaydnPiano Sonata in E-flat major, Hob. XVI:52HaydnSymphony No. 103 in E-flat majorMozartPiano Sonata No. 6 in D major, K. 284MozartPiano Sonata No. 11 in A major, K. 331BeethovenPiano Sonata No. 10 in G major, Op. 14 No. 2BeethovenPiano Sonata No. 12 in A-flat major, Op. 26BeethovenSymphony No. 3 in E-flat major, Op. 55BeethovenPiano Sonata No. 23 in F minor, Op. 57BeethovenSymphony No. 5 in C minor, Op. 67BeethovenPiano Sonata No. 30 in E major, Op. 109BeethovenPiano Sonata No. 32 in C minor, Op. 111BeethovenSymphony No. 9 in D minor, Op. 125BrahmsSymphony No. 4 in E minor, Op. 98DvorakSymphony No. 8 in G major, Op. 88MahlerSymphony No. 4 in G major